منابع مشابه
From Slow Viruses to Prions
I entered the prion field in the early 1990s, when the nature of the infectious agent was still in dispute. At one of the very first scientific meetings I attended, a spirited argument broke out between the proponents of a viral etiology and the proponents of the protein-only (prion) etiology. One of the strong arguments made that day against the protein-only hypothesis was the observation that...
متن کاملPredications, Fast and Slow
Notions of predication based on extensional and intensional subsumption, as described by Woods, are related to Kahneman’s systems of thinking fast and slow. Path-based reasoning with links is applied to predication over not only individuals but (following Carlson) kinds and stages/time. Predications, fast and slow, are formulated in monadic secondorder logic over strings, analyzed in Goguen and...
متن کاملCooperation, Fast and Slow
Does cooperating require the inhibition of selfish urges? Or does “rational” self-interest constrain cooperative impulses? I investigated the role of intuition and deliberation in cooperation by meta-analyzing 67 studies in which cognitiveprocessing manipulations were applied to economic cooperation games (total N = 17,647; no indication of publication bias using Egger’s test, Begg’s test, or p...
متن کاملApproachability, fast and slow
Approachability has become a central tool in the analysis of repeated games and online learning. A player plays a repeated vector-valued game against Nature and her objective is to have her long-term average reward inside some target set. The celebrated results of Blackwell provide a 1/ √ n convergence rate of the expected point-to-set distance if this is achievable, i.e., if the set is approac...
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We propose two distinct levels of learning for general autonomous intelligent agents. Level 1 consists of fixed architectural learning mechanisms that are innate and automatic. Level 2 consists of deliberate learning strategies that are controlled by the agent’s knowledge. We describe these levels and provide an example of their use in a task-learning agent. We also explore other potential leve...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1990
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/345572a0